The functional unit of the kidney is known as?

The nephron is identified as the functional unit of the kidney because it is the primary structure responsible for the filtration of blood and the formation of urine. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, each consisting of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus, where blood filtration occurs, and the Bowman's capsule, which collects the filtrate.

The nephron plays an essential role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, regulating blood pressure, and excreting waste products. Due to its intricate structure and function, the nephron processes approximately 180 liters of fluid daily, reabsorbing the majority back into the bloodstream. This complex process is vital for the body's homeostasis and overall health.

While the glomerulus is part of the nephron and plays a crucial role in the filtration process, it alone does not represent the complete functional unit. The medulla refers to the inner region of the kidney and the pyramids are structures within the medulla, but neither serve as functional units themselves in the context of urine formation. Hence, the correct identification of the nephron encompasses the entirety of the kidney's functional capability.