Which principle states that an object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object?

The principle that states an object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object is known as Archimedes' principle. This fundamental concept in fluid mechanics was formulated by the ancient Greek mathematician and engineer Archimedes. It explains how and why objects float or sink in a fluid based on their density relative to the fluid.

When an object is placed in a fluid, it displaces some of that fluid. The weight of the fluid that has been displaced creates an upward buoyant force on the object. If this buoyant force is greater than or equal to the weight of the object, it will float; if less, it will sink. This principle is not only crucial for understanding naval architecture and engineering but is also important in various applications such as meteorology and hydraulics.

The other principles mentioned, like Charles' law and Boyle's law, pertain to gas behavior under different conditions of temperature and pressure and do not relate to buoyant forces or fluid displacement. Anderson's principle is not a well-recognized scientific principle in the context of physics or fluid mechanics. Thus, recognizing Archimedes' principle is essential for anyone studying the behavior of objects in fluids.